Geologists also use the term lava flow to describe the rock that eventually solidifies from the flowing, molten lava. Batholiths are formed when magma rises below the Earth's surface and cools in place. We have grown leaps and bounds to be the best Online Tuition Website in India with immensely talented Vedantu Master Teachers, from the most reputed institutions. Thus laccoliths are characteristic of regions where the crust is being compressed and the direction of least stress is vertical, while areas where the crust is in tension are more likely to form dikes, since the direction of least stress is then horizontal. Conceptual diagram showing the major forms of igneous rocks, such as batholiths, lopolith, xenolith, laccolith, sill, dyke, stock, volcano, volcanic neck and lava . The rock surface above a laccolith destroys completely, leaving the core mound of igneous rock. {\displaystyle P_{l}} The formation of laccoliths can only occur after there is a violent volcanic eruption. Then magma rises from the Earth's mantle and lower levels of the crust, forming a magma diapir (sometimes referred to as a pluton diapir). [1][2] When the host rock is volcanic, the laccolith is referred to as a cryptodome. Define laccolith. A laccolith is characterized by a dome-like shape as they are typically flat on the bottom and rounded or dome-shaped on the top. . Before an eruption of a volcano, there is usually significant deposits of molten magma beneath the surface of the earth ready to erupt. This laccolith was generated through multiple sheet intrusion, reaches a total thickness of about 200 m, and is located in the middle of a swarm of inclined sheets associated with the 1.8 Ma Stardalur Volcano (Pasquar and Tibaldi 2007). The northern margin of the South China Sea (SCS) is often regarded as a magmapoor passive continental margin. The SRBIC thus has the characteristics of a continental plutonic complex emplaced in an oceanic plateau crust. The term laccolith was first applied in 1875 by Grove Karl Gilbert after his study of the intrusion of diorite in the Henry Mountain of Utah. Public domain photo by the National Park Service. It was here that geologist Grove Karl Gilbert carried out pioneering field work on this type of intrusion. Credit: Terri Cook and Lon Abbott. Gilbert also determined that larger laccoliths formed at greater depth. DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.09.07.01 Corpus ID: 245609638; Characteristics of a laccolith along the LRTPB fault zone between Pearl River Mouth Basin and Southwest Taiwan Basin @article{Li2021CharacteristicsOA, title={Characteristics of a laccolith along the LRTPB fault zone between Pearl River Mouth Basin and Southwest Taiwan Basin}, author={Bo-wen Li and Qunshu Tang and Pin Yan and Junhui Yu and . - Definition & Overview, What is Geology? Updates? Create your account, 12 chapters | It most commonly occurs in places where dark magmas with low silica contents erupt, such as the Holuhraun lava fields of Iceland and Kilauea Volcano of Hawaii. {\displaystyle r} Lithification of Sediments: Steps & Processes | What is Lithification? [13] Because the emplacement of the laccolith domes up the overlying beds, local topographic relief is increased and erosion is accelerated, so that the overlying beds are eroded away to expose the intrusive cores. Over time, the processes of weathering and erosion remove the overlaying sediment and rocks to reveal the batholith. [5], The growth of laccoliths can take as little as a few months when associated with a single magma injection event,[10][11] or up to hundreds or thousands of years by multiple magmatic pulses stacking sills on top of each other and deforming the host rock incrementally. Intrusive rocks are observed in the Luzon-Ryukyu Transform Plate Boundary (LRTPB) dividing Southwest Taiwan Basin (SWTB) and Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB) north of the COT and their evolution mechanisms are not very well-studied. Plutons are categorized by size, with batholiths defined as an underground igneous structure that is at least 100 square kilometers in size. Laccolith manages to form at relatively shallow depth and in few cases are formed by relatively viscous magma, such as those that crystallize to granite, diorite, and granodiorite. [19], In addition to the Henry Mountains, laccolith mountains are found on the Colorado Plateau in the La Sal Mountains and Abajo Mountains. Nature Communications 7 . Volcanic cones are steep-sided hills or mountains built of layers of erupted lava flows and fragments of volcanic rocks that have piled up around a central vent. laccolith synonyms, laccolith pronunciation, laccolith translation, English dictionary definition of laccolith. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, The northern margin of the South China Sea (SCS) is often regarded as a magmapoor passive continental margin. Igneous Rock Formation, Types & Examples | What is Igneous Rock? The laccolith forms when the magma pressure is high enough to move the strata of the sedimentary rock upward or to make them folded. Although the lower portions of laccoliths are seldom visible, they usually are interpreted as having a relatively small feeder from a magma source below. - Definition, History, Facts & Topics, What is Latitude? Although all igneous rocks form from the solidification of molten material, they can have very different appearances and characteristics depending upon the composition of the original material and where exactly it cooled. However, erosion has stripped away the overlying and surrounding rock, so it is impossible to reconstruct the original shape of the igneous intrusion, which may or may not be the remnant of a laccolith. The laccolith is a framework of igneous rock intruded between layers of sedimentary rock n resulting in uplifting, The batholith is referred to as individual igneous rock, The laccolith is referred to as intrusion in sedimentary rock. Discover how they form, their characteristics, and see examples like the Idaho batholith. Because erosion can gradually remove tens of thousands of feet of rocks overlying intrusive formations, both extrusive and intrusive rocks can be observed on the Earth's surface, sometimes in close proximity. [3] Laccoliths form only at relatively shallow depth in the crust,[4] usually from intermediate composition magma, though laccoliths of all compositions from silica-poor basalt to silica-rich rhyolite are known. Gully & Rill Overview & Formation | What is a Gully? Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. All rights reserved. 180 lessons. A relatively large igneous intrusion that forms when magma crystallizes underground and is later partially exposed following uplift and/or erosion. For example, the laccoliths of the Ortiz porphyry belt in New Mexico likely formed during Laramide compression of the region 33 to 36 million years ago. A laccolith is a mushroom-shaped intrusion that develops beneath the surface of the earth when liquid magma surpasses its way between two horizontal layers of preexisting rock to cause the overlying materials to bulge outwards as the feature grows. | Obsidian Rock Properties, Types, & Uses, Difference Between Physical and Historical Geology. However, eld . The formation of critical geological features on the surface of the earth beautifies the environment and brings an aesthetic effect to the world. Made of igneous rock, they are only visible once erosion of the overlaying sediment has taken place. The coexistence of the laccolith and surrounding sills over the LRTPB shows that the north limit of magmatism is further north than the COT zone. She has taught a combination of ESL and STEM courses to secondary and university students. Many are huge, like the Sierra Nevada or Canada's Coast Range. Therefore, batholith literally translates as ''deep stone.'' - Definition & Explanation, What is a Map Key/Legend? NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10. In South Africa, the Darling Batholith has also been widely studied by geologists. Each pluton is typically several kilometers in diameter. The word Laccolith was derived from Greek lkko(s) meaning pond, and the word lith means stone. The central laccolith may initiate though ination of a sill that grew to a radius sufcient to lift the overburden, as hypothesized in traditional growth models. Image copyright iStockphoto / Emre Corbaci. Maps of Mesozoic and Cenozoic major faults in the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin are compiled. 1:24,000", 10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0117:TLSCNR>2.3.CO;2, "Dynamics of magmatic intrusions in the upper crust: Theory and applications to laccoliths on Earth and the Moon", "Laccolith Complexes of Southeastern Utah: Time of Emplacement and Tectonic Setting Workshop Proceedings", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laccolith&oldid=1140554490, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 20 February 2023, at 16:34. This, This paper presents results of two-dimensional seismic mapping of the northern East China Sea Shelf Basin. Dark-colored magmas that contain relatively little silica (SiO2), like those observed in Hawaii, can travel further and faster than light-colored magmas, which tend to be much stickier. The locations where volcanic eruptions have occurred are usually acidic which makes it difficult to harbor any plants or animals. Various igneous features such as sills, volcanic edifices and stocks were identified by the, The northeastern part of the South China Sea is a special region in many aspects of its tectonics. When Laramide compression was later replaced by extension, emplacement of sills and laccoliths was replaced by emplacement of dikes. Content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. {\displaystyle T} The laccolith of the Ortiz Porphyry Belt in New Mexico has probably formed during Laramide compression of the region 33 to 36 million years ago. They are assumed to be fed by a conduit from below, though this is rarely exposed. A volcanic pipe is a vertical conduit beneath a volcano through which magma once passed on its journey from the magma chamber to the eruption site. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The term 'batholith' comes from the Greek words bathos, meaning 'depth,' and lithos, meaning 'rock.' [28] Others are located along possible faults or fissures. Silicate Minerals Types & Examples | What are Silicate Minerals? "Geomythology: geological origins of myths and legends" in, "Progressive Growth of the Cerro Bayo Cryptodome, Chachahun Volcano, ArgentinaImplications for Viscous Magma Emplacement", 10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<351:TFAGOF>2.0.CO;2, "Rapid laccolith intrusion driven by explosive volcanic eruption", "Syn-Emplacement Fracturing in the Sandfell Laccolith, Eastern IcelandImplications for Rhyolite Intrusion Growth and Volcanic Hazards", "Laccoliths of the Ortiz porphyry belt, Santa Fe County, New Mexico", "Petrological constraints on the recycling of mafic crystal mushes and intrusion of braided sills in the Torres del Paine Mafic Complex (Patagonia)", 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0983:TSGOLA>2.0.CO;2, "Noe, D. C., and Alexander T. Klink. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, The 8 Most Picturesque Small Towns In the Adirondack Mountains, Meet 12 Incredible Conservation Heroes Saving Our Wildlife From Extinction, India's Leopard God, Waghoba, Aids Wildlife Conservation In The Country, India's Bishnoi Community Has Fearlessly Protected Nature For Over 500 Years, Wildfires And Habitat Loss Are Killing Jaguars In The Amazon Rainforest, In India's Sundarbans: Where People Live Face-To-Face With Wild Tigers, Africa's "Thunderbird" Is At Risk Of Extinction. Field mapping shows the intrusion is about 3.5 km wide, 2.0 km long and, at its thickest point, 425 m thick. [5], A laccolith forms after an initial sheet-like intrusion has been injected between layers of sedimentary rock. Molybdenite is also visible in outcrops on this exposed laccolith. [1] Both laccoliths and sills are classified as concordant intrusions, since the bulk of the intrusion does not cut across host rock strata, but intrudes between strata.[7]. Learn about batholiths in geology, including the batholith definition. Laccoliths formed from sills only when they became large enough for the pressure of the magma to force the overlying strata to dome upwards. While batholiths represent the largest type of pluton, with areas greater than 100km, stocks are small plutons with areas less than 100km. is the elastic modulus of the host rock, The rhyolite displays a wide array of unique mineralogical characteristics indicative to rapid emplacement and metastable crystallization conditions, including three-part quartz . The intrusion takes place when the pressure of magma is high enough to move the strata of sedimentary rock in an upward position or to make them fold. Geology Underfoot Along Colorados Front Range. : 3373 , 02-3298322 a Rhyolite is an example of an extrusive igneous rock formed from light-colored lava. They are made up of plutons, which are themselves several kilometers in diameter. If the rising plutons reach the surface, a volcanic eruption starts - but most plutons tend to slow down, cool, and crystallize before that, anywhere from five to thirty kilometers below the surface. is the pressure of the magma, [30], Possible laccoliths have also been identified on Mars, in western Arcadia Planitia. Laccoliths are usually small in size, but the most massive laccolith is found in the United States called the Pine Valley Mountain. 32 and 15Ma (magnetic anomaly C11 to C5c). [23], A system of laccoliths is exposed at Elba, which form a "Christmas tree" laccolith system in which a single igneous plumbing system has produced multiple laccoliths at different levels in the crust. The main conduit through which magma rises in a volcano is called a volcanic pipe. [12], Over time, erosion can form small hills and even mountains around a central peak since the intrusive rock is usually more resistant to weathering than the host rock. DOAJ 2023 default by all rights reserved unless otherwise specified. [20] Horizontal sheeted intrusions were fed by vertical intrusions. They are formed when magma rises below the Earth's crust and cools in place. Most of California's Sierra Nevada mountain range, including Yosemite National Park, is part of an enormous, 300-mile-long batholith. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Characteristics of a Laccolith Along the LRTPB Fault Zone 445 A NW directional fault zone, named as Luzon-Ryukyu Transform Plate Boundary (LRTPB) goes along the Taiwan Canyon (or Formosa. {\displaystyle z} Laccolith mountains have since been identified in many other parts of the world. Here, detailed structural and geophysical features of a large-scale anomaly (LSA) is revealed from high-resolution multi-channel seismic (MCS) profiles over the LRTPB dividing the SWTB and the PRMB. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Plutons represent large intrusive igneous rocks. This laccolith is thus generated in a somewhat similar way as thick, multiple sills (Fig. Photos used throughout the site by David Jorre, Jean-Philippe Delberghe, JJ Ying, Luca Bravo, Brandi Redd, & Christian Perner from Unsplash. As more and more plutons come together in one place, a batholith gradually forms. 9. 16 and 17) ( Corry, 1988 ). Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when magma rises but cools below the Earth's surface. g The content of silicon dioxide (SiO 2) in any rock is one of the most significant chemical characteristics of igneous rocks. What are the characteristics of laccolith? Growing up in a home whose cornerstone was a meteorite inspired Terri to become an award-winning travel and science writer. - Definition & Explanation, What is a Plateau? For example, limestone will change to marble and sedimentary rocks will change to granite. is the lithostatic pressure (weight of the overlying rock), These features form when the pressure of the magma intruding between preexisting layers causes the overlying rocks to dome up, creating a mushroom shape. For example, in the Henry Mountains of Utah, US, the geologist Grove Karl Gilbert found in 1877 that sills were always less than 1 square kilometer (0.4sqmi) in area while laccoliths were always greater than 1 square kilometer in area. There are several stages involved in the formation of a batholith. Copyrights and related rights for article metadata waived via CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0) Public Domain Dedication. Its spectacular shape is characteristic of the vast igneous formations known as batholiths. In such cases, underground may take steadily, giving time for larger crystals to form in cooling magma. This type of volcanic activity is called a 'fissure eruption'. Joanna holds a PhD in Biology from the University of Michigan and is currently working towards a degree in Veterinary Medicine at Michigan State University. A laccolith is often smaller than a stock, which is another type of igneous intrusion, and usually is less than 16 km (10 miles) in diameter; the thickness of laccoliths ranges from hundreds of metres to a few thousand metres. A laccolith is a form of pluton that has a convex upper roof, with a flat (or approximately flat) floor and could be said to resemble a dome in 3D (Figs. characteristics make the Copper Ridge laccolith an ideal location to study emplacement of magma in the shallow crust. Fig. - "Characteristics of a laccolith along the LRTPB fault zone between Pearl River Mouth Basin and Southwest Taiwan Basin" - Definition, Calculation & Examples, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Definition & Explanation, Mountain: Definition, Formation, Characteristics & Examples, Phagocytosis: Definition, Process & Types, The Mississippi River: Facts, History & Location, Where Is the Redwood Forest? Intrusive rocks are observed in the Luzon-Ryukyu Transform Plate Boundary (LRTPB) dividing Southwest Taiwan Basin (SWTB) and Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB) north of the COT and their evolution mechanisms are not very well-studied. P [4] Because of their greater thickness, which slows the cooling rate, the rock of laccoliths is usually coarser-grained than the rock of sills. A sill is a flat, sheet-like igneous rock mass that forms when magma intrudes into and crystallizes between preexisting rock layers. Jonathan M. Castro, Benoit Cordonnier, C. Ian Schipper, Hugh Tuffen, Tobias S. Baumann &. How Is Climate Change Impacting The Water Cycle. T A batholith is made up of many individual plutons, which are smaller bodies of rock that, while still molten, traveled up through the crust to their present position. An igneous rock is a type of rock formed through the cooling of lava or magma. Terri is also the author or co-author of five books, including Hiking the Grand Canyons Geology, Geology Underfoot in Northern Arizona, and Geology Underfoot Along Colorados Front Range. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. General Studies Earth & Space Science: Help & Review, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, What is a Continent? Batholith (also known as a plutonic rock) is a large mass of igneous rock. "Pseudo-Rhythmic Layering in the Square Butte Alkali-Gabbro Laccolith. Ocean. The processes of weathering and erosion also require a significant amount of time to remove the layers under which a batholith is located. They are given the name mushroom-like features because their dome-shaped portion of the feature resembles mushrooms. They can be the source of both extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks. 32 and 15Ma (magnetic anomaly C11 to C5c). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. A laccolith is a body of intrusive rock with a dome-shaped upper surface and a level base, fed by a conduit from below. With time, this usually results in the formation of tiny hills and mountains around the central peak. Non-silicate Minerals: Chemical Classifications & Examples, Oceanic Ridge System: Formation & Distribution. I feel like its a lifeline. (a) The Laccolith is imaged in two intersecting seismic profiles, and (b) the detailed view, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. lith la-k-lith : a mass of igneous rock that is intruded between sedimentary beds and produces a domical bulging of the overlying strata laccolithic la-k-li-thik adjective Example Sentences Recent Examples on the Web This is the language of Big Sky Country: laccolith, dike, shonkinite, marine shale. [22] It consists of the eroded remains of a laccolith, presumably named for the sense of solitude that observers within the structure might have, due to the partial illusion of endless expanse in all directions. Dark host rocks overlie the light-colored, intrusive igneous spires of the Torres del Paine massif, which glaciers sculpted from a 12.6-million-year-old laccolith. [9] An example of a fingered laccolith is the Shonkin Sag laccolith in Montana, US. A few are just one big mountain or isolated formation. Therefore, batholith translates into "deep stone.". No two are alike, but all of these former 'red-hot giants' have something to teach us about the building of the continents we call home. The surface rock above laccolith often completely erodes, leaving the core mound of igneous rock. Laccoliths are distinguished from other igneous intrusions by their dome-shaped upper surface and level base. Atmos. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, The northern margin of the South China Sea (SCS) is often regarded as a magmapoor passive continental margin. If the resulting exposed rock mass is too small to be called a batholith, geologists often refer to it as a stock. (a) The Laccolith is imaged in two intersecting seismic profiles, and (b) the detailed view of the red box in (a). The laccolith is only visible to people after several years when high pressure forces the overlying material to bulge outwards forming hill-like features. The laccolith formation can take quite a few months to go when related with a single magma injection event or up to hundreds or thousands of years when varied by varied magmatic pulses stacking sills on the top of each other and deforming the host rock incrementally. These structures are created as magma cools beneath the Earth's surface. Due to the intense pressure of the magma, the overlying strata are forced upward and folded, giving the laccolith a dome or mushroom-like form (or feasibly conically or wedge shape) with a substantially planar base. Various igneous features such as sills, volcanic edifices and stocks were identified by the, The northeastern part of the South China Sea is a special region in many aspects of its tectonics. Shield volcanoes quietly produce broad, massive structures through lava flows. "This study was supported by the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (GML2019ZD0204). It is larger than 100 square kilometres (40 sq mi) in area. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/laccolith, Academia - Two-Stage Growth of Laccoliths at Elba Island, Italy. Omissions? - Definition, Symbols & Examples, What is a Mountain Range? A relatively small igneous intrusion that forms when magma crystallizes underground. In Geology, laccolith is a sheet-like intrusion that has been inserted between the two layers of sedimentary rocks. The extensive intraplate seamounts are obvious features in the northern South China Sea (SCS). Two well-known batholiths in North America include the Idaho Batholith and the Half Dome in Yosemite National Park. Public domain photo by RBM, U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. This pressure gives the laccolith a dome or mushroom-like appearance Generally, the base of the laccolith is planar. Magmatic activities occurred after the cessation of seafloor spreading were founded, The seafloor spreading of the South China Sea (SCS) was previously believed to take place between ca. Over time, volcanic pipes usually become clogged by solidified magma and other volcanic rocks, leaving a hard, cylindrical-shaped formation behind. Metamorphic Foliation Causes & Types | What is Foliation in Metamorphic Rocks? igneous rock and further classified as a laccolith. A blister-shaped pluton that raised the overlying rocks into a dome may be called a laccolith. z Keywords: Northeastern South China Sea Continental slope Sills Laccolith Fault zone; Citation: Li, B., Q. Tang, P. Yan, J. Yu, and X. Wang, 2021: Characteristics of a laccolith along the LRTPB fault zone between Pearl River Mouth Basin and Southwest Taiwan Basin. New magnetic data acquired in the northernmost SCS, Igneous rocks in the northern margin of the South China Sea (SCS) have been identified via high resolution multi-channel seismic data in addition to other geophysical and drilling well data. From this, Gilbert concluded that sills were forerunners of laccoliths. A laccolith is a type of igneous intrusion, formed when magma forces its way upwards through the Earth's crust but cools and solidifies before reaching the surface. Maps of Mesozoic and Cenozoic major faults in the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin are compiled. Named for its resemblance to the silhouette of a sailing ship, Ship Rock is a volcanic neck located where the main feeder pipe for a larger volcano was once located. The end features after the penetration of the magma is what is called a laccolith. ", Published by The Chinese Geoscience Union. These features form when the pressure of the magma intruding between preexisting layers causes the overlying rocks to dome up, creating a mushroom shape. from publication: Characteristics of a laccolith along the LRTPB fault zone between Pearl River . These features can vary from less than one inch up to hundreds of feet thick and can extend for many miles. Home Rocks Igneous Rocks and Volcanic Landforms. Lava Flow Composition & Types | What is Lava Flow? is the shear strength of the overlying rock. This feature is therefore often called the "throat" of a volcano. This stone constitutes the basis for a new batholith. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Additional information about the igneous rock and volcanic landforms shown in this diagram can be found below. The coexistence of the laccolith and surrounding sills over the LRTPB shows that the north limit of magmatism is further north than the COT zone. A laccolith is often smaller than a stock, which is another type of igneous intrusion, and usually is less than 16 km (10 miles) in diameter; the thickness of laccoliths ranges from hundreds of metres to a few thousand metres. Igneous rocks form from the solidification of once-molten rock material. Made of igneous rock, they are only visible once erosion of the overlaying sediment has taken place. 10. A batholith is a very large mass of intrusive igneous rock that forms and cools deep in the Earth's crust. [31], Dolerite intrusion laccolith in Sydney, Australia, Laccolith exposed by erosion of overlying strata in Montana, Pink monzonite laccolith intrudes within the grey Cambrian and Ordovician strata near Notch Peak, Utah[32], The eroded laccolith on the top of Vitosha[33] - the domed mountain next to Sofia, Bulgaria. Here, detailed structural and geophysical features of a large-scale anomaly (LSA) is revealed from high-resolution multi-channel seismic (MCS) profiles over the LRTPB dividing the SWTB and the PRMB. A classic example is Ship Rock, a volcanic neck on the Navajo Reservation that rises nearly 1,600 feet above the desert near Farmington, New Mexico. Evidence, layout, nature, relation with basin development, and geodynamics of these faults are discussed. A geologist by training and a member of both the Society of American Travel Writers and the National Association of Science Writers, Terri weaves accurate, engaging stories for a wide variety of clients and outlets including the U.S. Geological Survey, Eos, Scientific American, and Lonely Planet.